Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd ) - 1506 Words

As a result of R.S.’s chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), he’s going to be experiencing the many consequences of his type B COPD, otherwise known as chronic bronchitis. Copstead Banasik (2013) states that the pathogenesis for chronic bronchitis has changes in the airways that include swelling and chronic inflammation of the bronchial mucosa which can lead to scarring. In addition, there is hypertrophy of mucosal glands and goblet cells, which leads to increased mucosal production. In chronic bronchitis, there’s also a hypersecretion of bronchial mucous (Copstead Banasik, 2013, p. 483). In normal conditions, the mucus produced by the mucus glands aids in the protection of the lungs by capturing the foreign particles that enter into the lungs. Bellamy Booker (2004) report that when long-term smokers such as R.S., who are already developing chronic airflow obstruction, the excess of hypersecretion of mucus contributes to the decline of lung function. Long-term production of mucus may cause the patient to suffer lower respiratory tract infection (p. 19). Chronic bronchitis’ occurs in a period of more than three months that continues in a period of two years (Copstead Banasik, 2013, p. 483). The destruction of bronchial walls will result in dilation of airway sacs. The dilated sacs contain infected secretion from streptococcal and staphylococcal pneumonia, which can spread to nearby areas of the lungs such as other areas of the body and even to the brain.Show MoreRelatedChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd ) Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of gradual, incapacitating respiratory conditions, which include emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is generally characterized by reduced breathing capacity, airflow restriction in the lungs, a persistent cough, and other various symptoms. COPD is notoriously associated with a history of cigarette smoking and has become th e number one contributor to mortality in chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. It is also defined as a preventableRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )807 Words   |  4 Pagesdiaphragm, consistent with COPD. Question: What are the treatment options available to patients with COPD, and how are individualized assessments used to determine the most effective therapy? Generate: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a respiratory illness that progressively worsens over time. As seen in Mr. Adam’s case, symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and an occasional productive cough,.1 Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis are the two main conditions of COPD, and can occur simultaneouslyRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1541 Words   |  7 Pagesdistressingly difficult to breathe owing to a combination of emphysema and chronic asthmatic bronchitis – a deadly duo known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Brody, 2012).† The overall disease-state, role of exercise, treatments, and implications are all interrelated when improving patient COPD. Throughout this paper, all will be addressed with the goal to better the understanding of COPD. COPD is becoming prevalent disease within today’s society, ranking as the fourth leading cause of deathRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1748 Words   |  7 Pagestopic will be based on the topic of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). COPD patients are usually readmitted due to acute exacerbations also known as (AECOPD). (Laverty et al., 2015). In this paper, we explore the COPD discharge care bundles which have been developed by different authors. The care bundle consists of a short list of certain evidence-based practices to be utilized or implemented before discharge for all patients who have been admitted with COPD, based on reviewing national guidelinesRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )981 Words   |  4 Pages1.2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1.2.1 What is COPD? COPD is a chronic inflammation of the airways leading to fixed airflow obstruction and restricted gas exchange. The term COPD includes two basic respiratory pathologies: chronic bronchitis and emphysema (GOLD, 2006) that are described below. The condition is not reversible and may progressively worsen with time (NICE, 2010). Chronic bronchitis: is the narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles due to thickening of the airway wallsRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1839 Words   |  8 PagesSynopsis All over the world, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very significant and prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and it is increasing with time (Hurd, 2000; Pauwels, 2000; Petty, 2000). Due to the factor of COPD being an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease, the epidemiology (Pauwels, Rabe, 2004) is about 60 to 85 % with mild or moderate COPD remaining undiagnosed (Miravitlles et al., 2009; Hvidsten et al., 2010). The risk factors of COPD include genetic factors asRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1166 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is moving to the forefront of public health problems. It is projected to rank third in mortality rates by 2020.6 COPD is a lung disease that is treatable and preventative.6 The patient has toxic particles or gases that cause an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lungs as well as progressive airflow limitation.5 Other causes for COPD include emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis.6 OccupationRead MoreCopd : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease2033 Words   |  9 Pages COPD is an abbreviated term for the lung disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and it is seen in people everyday. It is estimated that this disease affects roughly 24 million individuals in the U.S.. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease occurs in other countries instead of just the United States. It is increasing rapidly and therapies currently do not alter the disease (Gross â€Å"Abstract†). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease can be caused by smoking, environmental factors and or geneticRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd ) Essay2079 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The topic is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is an umbrella term used for respiratory disorders such as chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is a serious condition that restricts airflow to the lungs and is not fully reversible. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia. More than 1 in 20 Australians over 55 have COPD and is also the fifth leading cause of death. There is also a rate of 1,008 per 100,000 of the population aged 55 andRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1098 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided; the three differential diagnosis that are being considered include; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) (Papadakis, McPhee, Rabow, 2015). COPD Symptoms of COPD often begin in middle age and is commonly caused by years of smoking. COPD is progressive, irreversible and made up of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Goolsby Grubbs, 2011). Symptoms include; chronic productive cough for three consecutive months each year for 2 sequential

Sample of Math Ia Essay - 2543 Words

Plan of Investigation While watching National Hockey League (NHL) games, I often heard the play-by-play announcer mention at the start of the third and final period how it would be tough for a team to come back from a one goal deficit. This led me to wonder just how difficult it was mathematically, and how much previous periods affected the final one. In this project, I will investigate whether the scores at the end of the first period affect the final score of NHL games. I will gather the scores of 200 hockey games between 2005-2008 from the nhl.com website. I chose these years because the type of hockey before and after the new Collective Bargaining Agreement is different in terms of goals scored per game, with more goals scored per†¦show more content†¦The trendline, known as the line of best fit or the least squares regression line, shows the linear equation which best explains the sums up the data’s trend. The formula on the right is the formula of the line of best fit. As can be observed from these plots, teams who win at the end of the first period have a much larger range of data, with 26 separate points versus 14 separate points on Team B’s graph. Since the scatter plot does not use a thicker dot when numerous teams share one place on the plot, this suggests that teams who lose at the end of the first period tend to have similar scores, as they have twelve fewer points than teams who win. If a team loses in the first period, this means that its X-range must be smaller than that of the winning team. Since 9/26, or almost 35%, of Team A’s points are on 3 or 4 on the X-axis, it is logical for Team A to have a larger range. However, even disregarding 3 and 4 on the X-axis, Team A’s range is still larger than that of Team B’s. There is a greater spread of data on the Y-axis of Team A, as well. Note that when Team A scores one goal in the first period, there are instances of them ending the third period with five or six goals. However, when Team B scores one goal in the first period, the most goals they ended up with is only four. This pattern is repeated when the teams score two goals in the first period. With Team A, there are instance(s) when they end up with seven; withShow MoreRelatedGary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition1672 Words   |  7 PagesGARY DESSLER HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 14TH EDITION.PDF NOW Other ebooks PDF you can access on our library: Trigonometry Answers Online, Answers Nims 700, Answers In Hsa Algebra 2014 Answer Key, American Red Cross First A Test Answers, Grade 11 Maths Literacy Exam Papers Answers, Advanced Thermodynamics For Engineers Wark Solution Manual, Mcdougal Biology Chapter Review Answers, Electrostatics Class 12 Ncert Solutions, Solution Of Quantum Mechanics By Liboff, Everfi Module Taxes And Insurance AnswersRead MoreIs Capital Punishment a Deterrent? Murder Rates Compared with Execution Rates in Texas, and on a National Level1486 Words   |  6 PagesIB Math Studies IA Is Capital Punishment a Deterrent? | Murder Rates compared with Execution Rates in Texas, and on a National Level | | The United States of America is one of the only democratic countries that still use capital punishment. This has raised a rather extensive debate, especially over the last 4 decades. I became interested in this issue in 2011 after the controversy surrounding the execution of Troy Davis, and the issue has remained. In my research, one argumentRead MoreGrowth Of China s Population Over Time : Will China Explode Or Become Bankrupt First?1833 Words   |  8 PagesGrowth of China’s Population Over Time: Will China Explode or Become Bankrupt First? Natalee Jamerson IB SL Math IA 24 May 2016 It is known that China is extremely overpopulated with its 1,354,040,000 citizens as of January 2013 and â€Å" as of September 2013, that number had grown even further to 1,360,720,000†. There’s â€Å"363.3 people per square mile!† (WPR). I’ve been interested in the future of our world and what will happen as we continue to grow. Knowing that â€Å"China represents 19.48 percent of theRead MoreA Study Based on Rosenbergs Research1764 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironmental interaction and personal experiences. James (1982) suggested that identity development starts when children recognize their existence in environment is separate from others, this development is called the existential-self (referred as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢). This existential-self further develops into categorical-self (referred as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢), which involves the recognition of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s physical characteristics. Bannister and Agnew (1977) observed that childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s self-awareness developed with age. YoungerRead Moreme I and me7467 Words   |  30 Pagestion. Provide  an  appropriate  response. 8) A  survey  of  1602  American  households  found  that  32%  of  the  households  own  a  DVD  recorder.  Identify  the population,  the  sample,  and  the  individuals  in  the  study. 9) A  survey  of  1015  American  households  found  that  78%  of  the  households  own  at  least  two  bicycles.  Identify the  population,  the  sample,  and  the  individuals  in  the  study. Page  1 MULTIPLE  CHOICE.  Ã‚  Choose  the  one  alternative  that  best  completes  the  statement  or  answers  the  question. 10) Parking  aRead MoreIB EE GUIDE9051 Words   |  37 Pagesyou can’t think of any keywords, start with your question: e.g. Does the addition of e-learning systems improve the performance of students in mathematics? Then add any other words you think are important, e.g. online, digital, school, grades, maths. Easy! Choose the correct sources Your essay must include a mixture of sources from: websites, books, journals, news items, primary sources, your own research. You will lose marks for over-using Wikipedia. You will lose marks if you only haveRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesand Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck, Chris OlsenRead MoreAll the Mathematics You Missed but Need to Know for Graduate School17996 Words   |  72 PagesAlgorithms 16.1 Algorithms and Complexity . 16.2 Graphs: Euler and Hamiltonian Circuits 16.3 Sorting and Trees. . . . . . . . . . .. 16.4 P=NP? . 16.5 Numerical Analysis: Newton s Method 16.6 Books .. 16.7 Exercises . A Equivalence Relations Preface Math is Exciting. We are living in the greatest age of mathematics ever seen. In the 1930s, there were some people who feared that the rising abstractions of the early twentieth century would either lead to mathematicians working on sterile, silly intellectualRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 Pagesmales (Craft, 1988; Sanders Rock, 1988). Despite educators’ criticism of self-fulfilling prophecies that discourage girls from success in math and science, that stereotype was dramatically reiterated in 1992 when Mattel offered a new talking Barbie doll. What did she say? â€Å"Math class is tough,† a message that reinforces the stereotype that women cannot do math (â€Å"Mattel Offers Trade-In,† 1992). From children’s programming in which the few existing female characters typically spend their time watchingRead MoreUsing Stata for Principles of Econometrics73612 Words   |  295 Pagesmodels 381 16.5 Models for count data 384 16.6 Cens ored data models 389 16.6.1 Simulated data example 389 16.6.2 Mroz data example 392 16.7 Selection bias 395 KeyTerms 401 Chapter 16 Do-file 401 Appendix A Review of Math Essentials 406 A.l Stata math and logical operators 406 A.2 Math functions 407 A.3 Extensions to generate operations 408 AA The calculator 409 A.5 Scientific notation 409 Key Terms 410 Appendix B Review of Probability , Concepts 411 B.1 Stata probability functions 411 B_2 Binomial

The conflict between state and federal law has ignited free essay sample

For over a decade patients and distributors of medical marijuana have battled the federal government for their right to use marijuana for its medicinal qualities. Although marijuana use is against federal law, medical marijuana has been permitted in sixteen states by a majority vote. The conflict between state and federal law has ignited a large conflict regarding medical marijuana and has resulted in the prosecution of many who use and distribute medical marijuana. Supporters of medical marijuana believe that the effects of using marijuana provide cancer patients and people with HIV with pain relief that is superior to alternative drugs. The long list of adversaries to medical marijuana use includes the federal government, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and some doctors. Adversaries to medical marijuana deny the effectiveness of the drug for medicinal purposes, and believe medical marijuana has a negative impact on the illegal drug trade. The evidence presented will display the benefits marijuana has to its patients and will prove that the use of medical marijuana should be legalized by the federal government. The federal government is the main opponent that the medical marijuana movement faces. Under federal law marijuana’s naturally occurring active ingredient, known as tetrahydrocannabinol, is banned and listed as a Schedule I drug which places it under the same category as heroin and cocaine. According to the federal government, the list of drugs known as Schedule I are said to be of high risk for abuse and hold no medicinal value. Claims that accuse marijuana of holding no medicinal value stem from the lack of approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which is a government funded agency. The lack of FDA approval is enough to convince many doctors and politicians that the drug is not effective in treating terminally ill patients. Dr. Eric Voth, chairman of the Institute on Global Drug Policy, is a well-respected doctor in the medical community that discourages the use of marijuana based on the sole the fact that the FDA does not approve the drug. Voth argues that the FDA should continue to research the effects of marijuana to produce a   synthetic drug that can be used in its place. The federal government may not believe that marijuana is effective for medical purposes but the research provided by other respected organizations, including the Institute of Medicine, a division of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of HIV Medicine believe otherwise. In particular, the Institute of Medicine specifically expresses evidence based on research that marijuana is unique in its ability to relieve pain, nausea, and anxiety for sick patients that is more effective than the benefits from other drugs. This evidence produces a long list of support in the medical field from many credible doctors that believe that the federal government is abusing its power by interfering with medical marijuana use in states that have approved it. Dr. Gregory Goldmakher supports the idea that the decision to use of marijuana for medical purposes is solely up to the patient and his or her doctor and that decision should be free From government interference. The scientific proof of many organizations supporting the effectiveness for marijuana use among sick patients needs to be recognized by the FDA so they can approve the drug for medical use. A first person encounter by this writer with one of the 128,000 medical marijuana card holders in the United States vouches for the unparalleled relief that marijuana provides its patient’s .Daniel Schwartz is a 20 year old resident of West Bloomfield, Michigan, that was approved for marijuana use for medical purposes by a physician approximately one year ago. Daniel applied for his medical marijuana card after suffering for years from chronic back pain and anxiety. After smoking medical marijuana for the first time, that he purchased at a marijuana dispensary in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Schwartz experienced an incredible relief from back pain and his anxiety was also reduced. The increase in the quality of life that Schwartz has been able to benefit from by using marijuana is at threat due to actions to shut down medical marijuana operations by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). The federal government needs to accept medical marijuana use in states that have voted on laws that approve it rather than interfering with patients’ rights to use their medicine. Opponents to the use of medical marijuana cite the U.S. Constitution which states the rights of the federal government are to, regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States. This statement should not affect the use of medical marijuana in states that have voted on laws that allow its use. The proponents to medical marijuana make a valid argument when they cite a different part of the constitution that states, To protect the health, safety, and welfare of their citizens. The constitution states that the federal government must Protect the health of its citizens, but at the same time they are cracking down on medical marijuana use, which has been proven to be beneficial to sick patients. To deprive qualified patients the medicine that they need to alleviate pain is wrong and needs to be stopped in order to protect citizen’s rights.

Misery by Anton Chekhov

Misery by Anton Chekhov is one of the saddest short stories written in the twentieth century. The title of the story does justice to the theme of the story which is of loneliness, misery, and the need to communicate one’s feelings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Misery by Anton Chekhov specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The story begins with the description of Iona Potapov, a sled driver who is also the protagonist of the story. From the beginning, the reader comes to know that the mood of the story is sad as the author describes Iona as â€Å"all white like a ghost† (Chekhov). From the description of Iona and his behavior, it is clear that something is wrong. Soon it is told that Iona’s son had died a week before which has left him this way. The story takes place on a cold evening in winter which reflects the feelings of Iona. All Iona wants in return for his son’s death is someone he can share his grief. His desperation to share the memory of his son with someone is revealed when he thinks to himself â€Å"To whom shall I tell my grief?† (Chekhov). As the story goes forward Iona’s daily encounter with his customers reveals his loneliness. While Iona is continuously trying to share his grief with someone, anyone at all, but no one seems to care. Everyone is caught up in their little world and seem to be too busy to spare some time to share a stranger’s misery. The ignorance of people can be seen from the way they respond to Iona when he tells them that he soon expired only a week back. One of the customers says that â€Å"We shall all die†¦Come, drive one†¦ I simply cannot stand crawling like this! When will he get us there?† (Chekhov). It is clear that meaningless personal engagements are dearer to people than a stranger’s life-changing experience. The brutality of the world is revealed through the passengers that Ion a drives around. No one is willing to listen to Iona despite the continuous efforts made by him which make his need to talk very obvious. After being disappointed by the apathetic behavior of the surrounding public, Iona decides to go home early. The author describes the extent of his misery when he writes that â€Å"If Iona’s heart were to burst and his misery to flow out, it would flood the whole world, it seems, but yet it is not seen† (Chekhov). As Iona reaches home, another part of his misery is revealed which is poverty. He sits next to the â€Å"big dirty stove† where the air is â€Å"full of smells and stuffiness† (Chekhov). As Iona realizes that he will never find a person who would care about his misery or even pretend to do so, he decides to share the memories of his son with is a white mare, which is not able to speak but is always by his side.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ending of the story is rather sad because Iona fails to find even a single human being to share his grief and has to settle with an animal. Though Iona is relieved to be able to finally talk to someone the fact remains that it is an animal with which Iona shares his feelings and not a human being who can understand the grief and respond to it. Even though Iona feels better the reader is left upset. The theme of the story is of misery as the title suggests and loneliness. According to Hery Nurdiyanto, the story is about â€Å"how one man’s grief is ignored by the public, just when he needs someone’s attention the most† (Nurdiyanto). This is true as Iona is struggling in the story to find a person to talk to about his deceased son but is ignored by the rude public. The saddest part of the story is that people continue to ignore even after he tells them that his son has died. It is one thing when a person does not kno w, but deciding to ignore Iona even after knowing about his misery brings forth the dark side of humans. The story shows the other side of humans, which is of ignorance, which is something that we don’t like to acknowledge. Lawrence Jay Dessner describes the end of the story as a â€Å"kind of pathetic relief† and â€Å"a horrifying and heartbreaking revelation† (Dessner). The way Iona decides to relieve himself from the burden of his grief is indeed a â€Å"pathetic relief† as he started talking to a horse. Though it is not a bad thing to converse with animals, the reason why Iona does is different. He does it because he could not find a person even after trying so hard. Though he encountered many people none of them were willing to listen to the sled driver. The brutality and rudeness of people toward Iona are rather horrifying, heartbreaking, and deeply felt by the reader. The saddest part remains that this ignorance was not involuntary, but a well tho ught reaction. Works Cited Chekhov, Anton. â€Å"Misery.† 2010. Read Print. 23 September 2010 http://www.readprint.com/work-236/Misery-Anton-Chekhov. Dessner, Lawrence Jay. â€Å"Head, Heart, and Snout: Narrative and Theme in Chekhov’s â€Å"Misery.† College Literature (1985): 246-257.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Misery by Anton Chekhov specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nurdiyanto, Hery. â€Å"Depression in the main characters of Anton Chekhov’s short stories â€Å"Misery† and â€Å"Vanka†: A psychological analysis.† 2008. Repo Konten Ilmiah. Web. This essay on Misery by Anton Chekhov was written and submitted by user Orange T1tm0use to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ART HISTORY Example

ART HISTORY Example ART HISTORY – Coursework Example Art history Video At the British museum in London is a major display of the Assyrian lion hunt reliefs. The vivid engravings show an ancient practice of the Assyrian empire. Lion hunting was a major cultural practice. Despite being brutal, the cultural practice was celebrated with the engravings showing a king of the empire leading the hunt. Another equally important feature portrayed by the engravings was the position of arts in the society. Arts remain a practical way of representing the society. The early Assyrian artists portrayed their artistic skills as they expertly captured a major cultural practice. The images are clear and detailed to this date a feature that portrayed the level of professionalism the artists employed in the arts. They capture the details and gross nature of the practice. The engravings display a large number of the dying lions coupled with the cruel nature of the hunt. Such details do not only represent the cultural practice but also embodies the revered a rt of the time. Video 2 Mona Lisa is arguably the most famous single piece of painting in the world today. The video investigates the source of the famous and prominence the painting acquired more than five hundred years after its creation. Leonardo Da Vinci, the painter of the work, portrayed his artistic genius in the painting. The woman in the painting lacks eyebrows, identity and has a mysterious smile. He positioned such features strategically thereby making it difficult for anyone to interpret the work, thus the lack of identity. The lack of identity owing to the perfect positioning of various features in the painting makes Mona Lisa mysterious (Kalogridis 231).Work citedKalogridis, Jeanne. Painting Mona Lisa. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010. Print.

The women empowerment campaign in India

The women empowerment campaign in India Introduction There are different types or forms of marketing strategies that organizations may adopt, for instance, campaigns among others. The campaign is one of the most common marketing strategies adopted by service provider organizations around the globe. Reaching the target group within a short time is easy through campaigns. Campaigns enable organizations and companies to easily reach the target groups within a short time, and using reasonable resources. This is a campaign audit on the women empowerment in India.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The women empowerment campaign in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Situational analysis Campaign audit Auditing of campaigns is one of the elements of effective management. It is the duty of the management team to audit campaigns. Campaigns are audited to ensure that the goals and objectives of the given campaign were achieved within the stated deadline during ini tiation and planning process. Different campaigns have different goals and objectives and time frame expected for their completion. This campaign was on women empowerment in India. India is one of the fastest developing countries around the globe. In most developing countries, such as India, women and girls are not given equal opportunities to realize their potential. Management is considered to be the highest rank or level in most organizations. The human resource team should provide fair ground for gender competition during recruitment and selection process (Snyder, 2002). It has clearly illustrated that woman empowerment cannot only be achieved in the job market, but through implementation of innovative ideas that can assist the company in achieving its goals and objectives too. Moreover, it has clearly indicated and illustrated that women can develop new business ideas that can contribute to increased economic activities. Additionally, the campaign was aimed at promoting gender equality by encouraging gender balance in all organizations and at all levels of management. The campaign encourages the human resource team to develop strategies that create fair recruitment and selection process. This is important for encouraging gender equality, which has also affected women empowerment in most developing countries (Melkote, 2002). Aims and objectives of strategy This campaign had as an objective women empowerment and gender equality promotion. Women are not able to take top management jobs in the economy because they are not honored professionally. This has killed their professional honor in the job market. Furthermore, education provision is not available to many women around the globe.Advertising Looking for report on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The male child is given priority in education in most developing countries around the globe, which has led to the gender education imbalance. However, this campaign aims at eliminating education imbalance, and promoting equal education provision among male and female children in the society, especially in developing countries (Atkins Freimuth, 2001). The campaign has designed a strategy to prove that women are equal to men, and girls should be given equal opportunities to learn. Education is the differentiating factor between men and women in the job market. The job market has a higher percentage of men in top management. Furthermore, a larger percentage of the working population is men. This can be controlled or addressed through the provision of education to women. Employers and organizations consider academic qualification during employment, which enables most men to land top management positions. This campaign will minimize women honor killing and encourage education provision among women to increase their chances of landing high profile jobs (Melkote, 2002). The population of men and women are not equal i n India. This is due to the increased abortion cases. Generally, most of the aborted fetuses are girls. Girls are aborted by most women in India due to the discrimination that women and girls are facing. This has led to unwillingness to give birth to a girl child, as a girl is considered to be a financial burden to the family. A female child should be given equal opportunity to live like a male child. The large number of men in India has also intensified the women discrimination in the country. However, this campaign promotes gender equality and women empowerment. This will enhances the status of female children in the country. Moreover, this will encourage women to give birth to girls due to equality and fairness between men and women. Additionally, this will discourage abortion of girl fetuses and will lead to increased girl child birth (UNDP.org, 2009). Lessons from previous and current activities implemented in terms of identity There are several avenues that campaigns can use e ffectively, for instance, social media and networking. Social media and network have led to successful implementation and completion of several organizational strategies. The target groups are easily reached within a short time at reasonable costs using social networking and media such as Facebook and Twitter among others.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The women empowerment campaign in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy is easily implemented as people spend most of their free time on social sites. The campaign on social network and media was successfully launched and implemented. Social network and media have also enabled other companies and organizations to market their goods and services to the target groups using network and Internet services. Moreover, it is easy to receive direct and reliable feedback from customers and target groups through social networks and media because it allows marke ters to deal with customers, clients and target individuals at an individual level. It also enables effective and appropriate response to individual inquiry, which leads to improved operations and implementation of strategies. Social network and media have also enabled several organizations to achieve their goals and objectives within the stated deadline. Additionally, the campaign also benefited from social networking and media, which leads us to a conclusion that social network and media should be used to attract attention of people to the issues of women rights and equality in the developing countries, due to the number of people using social networking, and media for marketing, and searching information about different goods and services (Atkins Freimuth, 2001). Target audience The decision of an audience depends on the nature of marketing and intended purpose of a campaign. This campaign intends to encourage women empowerment around the globe. There are certain age groups that may not take keen interest in women empowerment because they do not understand the reasons for such a concern. This campaign should target mature women and men. This age group is appropriate because men and women above the age of 16 are well informed on the disadvantages of gender inequality. Moreover, it is at the age of 16 that individuals become exposed to global issues such as gender inequality because they become involved in the real world situation. In India, 16 years and above is considered a mature and adult age. This is an age range that individuals seek employment, and face the challenges such as gender inequality and unfair recruitment and selection processes. This issue must be addressed by mature men and women in the population because it spread and cultivated by mature men and women in the society. Therefore, the most appropriate age range that was targeted by the campaign is mature men and women. From the age of 16, most women and men experience the challenges of gen der inequality and the need for women empowerment. The highest population in India that seeks employment is at the age of 16 (Melkote, 2002). This is a challenge facing mature men and women, and should be addressed to reduce the increased number of girl fetuses’ abortions and discrimination of women in the work places and the society at large. The target group should therefore encourage fairness to enable realization of the goals and objectives of the campaign.Advertising Looking for report on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What the target group should think and feel Women should be able to defend their right for education. In the recent past, education has been considered a basic need around the globe. This is due to the increased need for education and literacy level experienced around the globe. Furthermore, educated individuals have the right to earn employment positions that they qualify despite of their gender. However, gender balance is not considered in most developing countries during the selection and recruitment process. There are certain employment positions, especially top management that are considered male positions hence women cannot be considered for them. Generally, women are not considered for such positions due to the number of highly qualified male employees in the job market. However, the campaign has an objective of ensuring that women feel equal and has the right to employment and education. This can be achieved by ensuring that women are educated and attain the required educati on experience and qualification for different management positions in the job market. Therefore, the campaign aims at ensuring that women have the right to work and education. Right to work can be exploited if the right to education is granted. Furthermore, right to education can be enjoyed by women if gender equality is considered around the globe, especially among developing states because this is one of the major challenges facing these countries (Snyder, 2002). Gender inequality is a serious challenge in some developing states, for instance, India. In countries such as India, women face discrimination to an extent that they face death threats due to their gender. This has also led to unwillingness to give birth to a girl child in such states and increased girl fetus abortion. Unequal treatment among women is a serious challenge among developing states that must be addressed to ensure fairness and equality. Developed countries promote fairness and gender balance in the working en vironment and socially. This has led to the increased economic activities and developments among such states. On the other hand, gender inequality and discrimination among women have contributed to underdevelopment and low quality of life or poor living standards because the potential of individuals is not fully exploited towards the development of the respective state or country. Women may be having the potential to make several changes in the economic policies and development, but not contribute as expected due to discrimination and gender inequality among developing countries. There are several significant contributions of women globally that have been realized in developing countries. However, developing countries are not able to realize the potential of women due to discrimination and gender inequality. Therefore, the target group should consider the global contributions of women in developed countries, and encourage gender equality to ensure they achieve their full potential ( UNDP.org, 2009). Key messages Campaigns have themes that dominate the entire process. Organizations and individuals expect to achieve the main goal and objective of a campaign. Generally, a campaign is considered successful if the goals and objectives of the respective campaign are achieved within the stated deadline or time frame. This is a campaign for women empowerment. However, there are several goals and objectives that were intended to be achieved within a specific time to ensure women are empowered in developing states or countries. According to the strategy of the company, women are empowered if the following goals and objectives are achieved; Honor killing among women is eradicated or minimized. Women are given equal educational opportunities like en to gain required academic qualifications required in the job market. Girl fetus abortion is eradicated or reduced to give girls an equal opportunity to live like a boy child. Women are given equal opportunities to seek higher employment positions in the job market based on their academic qualification and work experience. Equality among men and women is encouraged and applied in the distribution of resources and mutual living in the society (Atkins Freimuth, 2001). If the above conditions are achieved and realized in the society of a developing state or country, then women empowerment can be realized. Although certain persons argue that there is no reason to empower women, especially in developing countries, there is a great need to ensure that women and men are equal in the society because they both have the potential to contribute to the development of states through improved policies and innovative thinking and implementation. Therefore, the main communication or message of the campaign is to empower women and promote gender equality. However, this can be achieved by ensuring that women honor killing is eradicated or minimized, girl fetus abortion is decreased or eradicated to give girls equal oppor tunity to live just like boys, women are given the opportunity to learn and enhance their academic qualification, and women are given equal opportunities during recruitment and selection process. This will ensure equality between women and men in the society (UNDP.org, 2009). Theory, design identity Needs of the target audience Equality and women empowerment is a serious challenge in most developing states or countries. This has led to poor living standards and inability to realize the full potential of the population of a state. This campaign targets individuals from 16 years and above. There are several reasons why mature persons are the target group of the campaign. However, the factor that must be considered is the maturity of the target group. Women empowerment and gender equality is a global concern and a matter of great importance. Therefore, target group must mature to adequately understand the problem of gender inequality in the society, and especially among developing stat es. The following factors must be considered among the target group to ensure that the goals and objectives of the campaign are achieved within the stated deadline. Moreover, the campaign should be able to change the perception of the target group and advocate for women empowerment and gender equality (Coffman, 2002). The teenage society needs to understand that they need to get educated so they can have jobs. Education is a determinant factor in the job market because education level and qualification is considered during the recruitment and selection process. Human resource departments design jobs based on academic qualifications and working experience among others. Employees are hired considering their qualifications and organizational needs of the respective company. Women education meets opposition by the elders in most communities in developing countries. Elders in developing states should be enlightened on the importance of equality between boy and girl children to promote wo men empowerment and gender equality in the respective countries. The world is a part of the global ecosystem. Therefore, it should be balanced to ensure comfortable living. States or countries that have a higher population of men or women tend to face several challenges that hinder their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Gender equity should be encouraged to enable population balance. There are certain countries with imbalanced population because the number of men is higher than that of women, for example, China. China boasts of high labor turnover currently due to the high GDP the country, and the percentage of the working population, which has a reduced dependency ratio. China expects low labor turnover in the near future due to the high number of men compared to women (Melkote, 2002). The main reason why girls are not allowed to attain education is because of the fear and perception of elders in the community that if a girl is going to work, she will not listen to he r family’s word which in turn can lead to honor killing to cleanse the family’s name. Hence, those particular societies need to be educated more. Respect is a virtue that is acquired individually and not based on gender. Furthermore, the people in Australia need to help with either having charities to raise money, or help set up an education system. Alternatively, they may help or assist by donating money (Gumucio-Dagron Tufte, 2006). What the target audience should be doing The target audience is expected to embrace women empowerment and encourage gender equality. There are several duties that the target audience, for instance, India and China are expected to do to ensure that the goals and objectives of the campaign are achieved within the stated deadline. The Indian community can see the awareness that is being created and they might change their perspective about women in general and in educational sector. Australians, however can go to India and help set up a sch ool to educate or try to find a way to raise awareness. Also, help by raising money or giving as little as $1 to help set up an educational system there (Atkins Freimuth, 2001). The benefits that the target audience will gain by changing their current behavior The target group or audience is expected to benefit from the campaign if they encourage women empowerment and gender equality. There are several advantages or benefits that the target audience will gain, for instance, end the imbalance in the population, end poverty because if women get an education they can get a job and provide for their homes which in turn will boost the country’s economy. Women can also start feeling safe (UNDP.org, 2009). The current beliefs and attitudes, and the barriers that must be overcome Women are not equal to men; hence they can’t work or get an education. Women that usually refuse arranged marriages are killed in the name of honor. Pregnant women get rid of female fetus because the y want a boy instead because in Indian tradition, the family of the bride usually pays for the wedding and her dowry, so they are seen as expensive to maintain. Nonetheless, there will be barriers that need to be overcome, as it is hard to change a society’s mind when they are so based on tradition because change is not always welcomed. Secondly, language barriers can create a problem in communicating and getting a point across. Lastly, cultural norms might clash with the way the problem is being approached (Gumucio-Dagron Tufte, 2006). Designing identity usage audit Communication channels to be used in the campaign The campaign targets a large audience that is distributed globally. The audience is large because there are several developing states around the globe. This will require an effective channel to reach the target audience and achieve the goals and objectives of the campaign. The communication channels that will be used for the campaign to ensure the target audience is reached are personal communication, television and internet sources such as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook (Gumucio-Dagron Tufte, 2006). Where the identity will be applied When designing a communication message, using of identity is important to ensure that the target audience is reached. A target audience is reached easily if they can identify with the message of the campaign. The target audience is India, therefore the identity will be applied in the name, and for example, India is known for its gold. This will enable the target audience to easily identify with the campaign and assist in the achievement of the goals and objectives of the campaign in the state (Gumucio-Dagron Tufte, 2006). Other brands that the campaign will identify to work under or with The channels that have been decided to be used in the campaign require brand to work with or under to ensure that the goals and objectives of the campaign are achieved within the stated deadline. Considering the chosen channe ls for the implementation of the campaign, the most appropriate channel to enhance the achievements of the goals and objectives of the campaign is social networking. Generally, social networking can be used effectively with the internet services such as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook to ensure that the goals and objectives of the campaign are achieved (Gumucio-Dagron Tufte, 2006). Message audit Key messages communicated by the campaign The main message of the campaign is promoting women empowerment and gender equality. There are several objectives that are designed to assist in effective communication of the main message of the campaign. The objectives that have been designed to aid in the communication of the main message are decreasing girl fetus abortion, providing equal education opportunities for girl children, providing equality in the recruitment and selection process and encouraging gender balance and equity. These assist in the communication for the need of empowering women and promoting gender equality, which is the main message of the campaign. Therefore, the main message that suits the entire campaign is education to promote equality (Atkins Freimuth, 2001). Logo creation Creation of a logo for the campaign will be important to ensure the target group easily access and identify the campaign online. There are several campaigns that have been launched globally to advocate for women empowerment and gender equality. These organizations work towards the achievement of the same goal but addresses different regions and audience around the globe. We intend to use channels such as internet, television and personal communication. This will require a logo to improve visibility and establish an identity in the global community. Creation of a logo is important to be easily identified because there may be other organizations with a similar name as our organization. The only way to differentiate our organization from others using the same name is a logo. After f urther consultations, we have decided to name our campaign Golden Justice. There are several reasons that led to the development of the name, Golden Justice (Snyder, 2002). Conclusion The main reason is consideration of the audience. Our main audience is India. India is globally known for its gold according to the message we have used to easily identify with the audience. Therefore, using the name Golden Justice implies or reflects gender equality or education for equality in India. The word golden is used to easily identify with the audience, while justice is used to identify with the theme of the campaign, educations for equality, and the goals and objectives of the campaign, which are encouraging gender equality and women empowerment among developing states. References Atkins, C., Freimuth, V. (2001). Formative Evaluation Research in Campaign Design. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Coffman, J. (2002). Public Communication Campaign Evaluation: An Environmental Scan of Challenge s, Criticisms, Practice and Opportunities. Cambridge: MA: Harvard Family Research Project. Gumucio-Dagron, A., Tufte, T. (2006). Communication for Social Change Anthology: Historical and Contemporary Readings. New Jersey: Communication for Social Change Consortium (CFSC). Melkote, S. R. (2002). Theories of Development Communication in Gudykunst. New Delhi: Sage Publications. Snyder, L. B. (2002). Development Communication Campaigns in Gudykunst. New Delhi: Sage Publications. UNDP.org. (2009). About MDG: Basics, Goals, targets and Indicators. Web.

Enterprise Resource Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise Resource Planning - Research Paper Example The product that has been chosen for analysis, SAP ERP, also offers the services to manage one’s business and provide a structured form to the business operations. SAP (2011) explained that SAP ERP has a diverse range of services related to it; self-services for managers and employees, sales-order management, corporate performance management etc. The module of self services (for manager and employees) enables the employees to apply for leaves, in accordance with the number of leaves that have been unconsumed by them. The leaves are instantly sent to the manager in an automated manner for his approval. This system can be useful to create efficiency and productivity in the human resources operations since all the operations are automated. SAP (2011) stated that the availability of data, such as on-going projects and previous leave applications, facilitates effective decision making from the manager. The module of sales order management offers access control to sales data, order processing and basis for the analysis of relevant data. Enterprise Resource Planning Newsletter (2011) agreed that the automation of operations reduces the need for constant administration; therefore administration costs can be reduced significantly.

Victim Advocacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Victim Advocacy - Essay Example Victim Advocacy involves the arguing or pleading in favour of a case. It is giving active support and promoting the victims’ interests, defend and uphold them as right or valid. Victim advocates focus on promoting victims’ rights and needs, and making sure that their opinions are considered during the drafting of policy and legislation affecting them (Ido Foundation, 2012). Being United States’ leading advocacy and resource organization for crime victims, the National Center for Victims of Crime helps many victims: understand their options and legal rights; overcome trauma caused by crime; access victim emergency and compensation assistance; device safety plans; and locate appropriate services locally (The National Centre for Victims of Crime, 2012). ‘The National Center for Victims of Crime’ advocates for the rights of victims, serves as an information source on issues of victims, and gives professional training to people who interact with the victi ms (Womens health.gov, nd). Its vision was inspired by a family tragedy: Alexander Auersperg and Ala Isham started the Center in 1985, originally as the Sunny Von Bulow National Victim Advocacy Center. They were motivated by the victimization of their mother and the traumatic experience the family endured with the justice system. ... It secures resources for crime victims by committing to the increase of crime victims’ federal funding and ensuring that state sources of funding are protected.  It has expanded and strengthened the rights of crime victims in the juvenile, criminal, administrative, and civil justice systems.  It promotes discussions about underserved and emerging crime victims’ issues. The Center values training and education as mechanisms for improving the treatment and understanding of crime victims. Programs and training activities have been developed by the center to act as a resource for professionals who represent the perspectives of the victims, develop services, foster for change, and raise awareness (The National Centre for Victims of Crime, 2012). The National Center for Victims of Crime holds topic-specific and general conferences to emphasize on the multidisciplinary idea of current research sharing practices, and the effective policies and programs which are research-in formed, evidence-based, and victim-centered. These conferences act as victim service forums for policymakers, professionals in criminal justice, researchers, and allied practitioners to build collaborations and share developments. The center also has a DNA Resource Center which acts as a source for information, technical assistance, and training about DNA use in the justice system. Its mandate is to help professionals of criminal justice and victim service to understand DNA databases, forensic DNA, and nurse examiners’ roles in helping DNA exonerations survivors. This project has a role of ensuring that allied professionals and victim service have up-to-date and accurate information in order to

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Questions - Essay Example He was interested by the fact that the species were different. He concluded that the species were different because they dwelled in different environments The concept of natural selection explains how species evolves and genes are passed from generation to the next. Darwin argues that a species can develop a functional advantage in that the species grows wing and learn to fly. He asserts that the offspring will inherit that advantage and pass it on to the offsprings. On the other hand, those who are disadvantaged but members of the same species will gradually die and live the superior members of the same species. Species preserve the functional advantage and that help the species to compete in the harsh environment. Darwin’s explanation of the origin of species in 1859 was criticized by Christians because they believed in God’s creation for six days. The natural selection was received with hostility because his ideas were not with alignment with biblical descriptions on how Adam and Eve were created. In addition, after the arrival of Darwin’s theory, scientists conflicted and they did not support the idea of evolution. A vector is a vehicle that transfers genetic materials to a target cell. The significance of vectors is to pass on the genes to the intended cell. For evolution to take place there has to be passage of genetic materials from one species to the other. Hence the vector facilitates the movement of biological traits from one generation to the other. Equilibrium is a principle that explains that genes remain the same from one generation to the other without any disturbing factor. If the situation remains constant then there will be evolution stability. However this can be affected by forces such as mutations, natural selection, non random mating, genetic drift and gene flow. Isolation can promote genetic divergence through mechanisms such as mutation, genetic drift and natural selection. Allopathic speciation is a

How labelling affects mental health problems

How labelling affects mental health problems Labelling theory is linked to Howard Becket and was introduced in 1963.   Labelling theory is the theory of a behaviour that is considered different from the customary or a behaviour that is generally accepted as standard.   It is considered by some sociologist that this type of behaviour is seen as a label given to an individual whose behaviour is not considered normal by certain people of authority.   Therefore, labelling means that no individual is actually abnormal and no deed is unusual unless it has been identified by society. According to Pilgrim and Rogers (1999) the labelling theory works on the principle that to identify a person as having mental health problems it is suggested that the individual will act in a stereotypical manner.  Ã‚   It was thought at one time that having a mental health problem was owing to some form of personal weakness.   However, as time has gone by mental illness has become more accepted by society and the public have become more learned and it could be true to say that   it is well known now that mental health disorders have a medical basis and can be treated like any other health condition. Being considered mentally healthy does not routinely imply that a person does not have a mental health problem.   Good health usually represents that a person is able to play a full part in society albeit within a family setting, in the workplace, within community or amongst other people or friends.  Ã‚   It also suggest that a person who is in good mental health can deal with what life throws at them and more often than not will be capable of make the most of their potential within any given situation.   According to The World Health Organisation mental health is: a state of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community(WHO, 2001). Mental health illness for that reason could be said is a state where the well being of an individual is flawed in some way and is incapable of undertaking normal day to day functions.   It could be said that mental health is everyones concern.   The majority of people at one time or another will admit to feeling stressed out and unable to cope with what life throws at them but usually those feeling pass.   However at other times these problems can develop into something much more serious.   Some can bounce back with no problem at all while others might take a longer time to deal with their problems.   Scheff (1999) considers that mental illness in a person is brought about by societal labelling.   He suggests that the symptoms of mental illness are  Ã‚   seen as infringement of the social norms.   By most social values behaviour associated with mental illness such violent outburst, anxiety, delusions and attempts of suicide are considered abnormal.  Ã‚   Therefore, the cause for a person to be labelled as mentally ill does not automatically mean infringement of the social norm.   The person to a certain extent is labelled when a situation can bring about what the public would perceive as abnormal behaviour.   This could mean for example, when an application is made to place that individual in a mental institution or hospital and as a result that individual is is labelled as mentally ill. Labelling leads to stigma, which is a word associated with branding and shame.  Ã‚   Stigma has been defined by the Oxford Dictionary as a mark or sign of disgrace and discredit.   Goffman (1963) also suggested that disability was associated with shame and pity and that the term stigma has been adopted from the Greeks which imply a mark that represent immorality.  Ã‚   Research also shows that stigma is more strongly expressed against people with mental disabilities, which, under the influence of Buddhism and Animism, are believed to represent possession by evil sprits (Hunt 2002).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Studies also show that individuals with a mental health illness are most rejected people among any disabled groups (Albrecht, Walkeer Levy, 1982)  Ã‚   It has also been suggested by Jones (1985) that the process of stigmatization is based on six elements, namely conceability, course, disruptiveness, aesthetic qualities, origin and peril.   Although there are 8.6 million disabled people in Britain that is 1:7 of the population who have either a physical, sensory or mental impairment that seriously affects their day-to-day activities, people with mental health continue to be excluded from discourse on difference and diversity.   Discourses can have an impact on the ways in which people with mental health illness are portrayed and treated within society and this in turn may influence the actions taken by people and the judgments they make.   Different cultures can also have different perception, so can different situations and circumstances. Having a mental illness, and living with it on a day to day basis can be intensely difficult for the individual suffering from it.   Mental illness by today standards is believed to be very common, due to the fact that one in four in the United Kingdom is diagnosed with a mental illness.   Sufferers of the illness experience many problems, which include the way they think, behave or how they feel.   These problems can lead to problems with everyday living, such as maintaining relationships, access to or performance at work, not being accepted by the community that they live in.   A report written by the government into Mental Health and Social Exclusion, and published by the Social Exclusion Unit in 2004, recognized the discrimination and stigma experienced by people with mental health issues as a major stumbling block to be included socially, and thus making it very hard for those individual to access work, access health services, take part in their communities, and to take pleasure in doing things with their family and friends.  Ã‚   The report also states that 83 percent of those interviewed identified stigma as a major contributor; 55 percent identified stigma as a barrier to work; and 52 percent had experienced a negative attitudes towards mental health in the community. According to a survey, called the Stigma Shout (2008) survey revealed that: Nearly 9 out of 10 people with mental health problems have been affected by stigma and discrimination, with two thirds saying they have stopped doing things because of the stigma they face. Stigma stops people with mental health problems from doing everyday things such as applying for jobs, making new friends, and going out to pubs and shops. It can even prevent people from reporting a crime. People with mental health problems want the anti-stigma campaign to target schools and the media to change attitudes and reduce prejudice. Carers of people with mental health problems also stop doing things because of the stigma and discrimination that they face. http://www.time-to-change.org.uk/news/stigma-shout-survey-shows-real-impact-stigma-and-discrimination-peoples-lives Mental health problems are commonly identified and categorized in order for  professional people to be able to provide suitable support and treatment.  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, some diagnoses are  considered controversial and concern is expressed that individuals are frequently treated in line with by what they have been labelled with.   There are many conditions that are believed to be associated to mental health illness, including   anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders and plenty more.   Any person presenting signs of the mental health problems will more often than not be labelled by society in some way.  Ã‚  Ã‚   As noted earlier labelling leads to stigma and stigma in turn can lead to discrimination.  Ã‚   It is highly publicized that there should be no discrimination against people of a difference appearance, race culture, religion but people are less conscious of discrimination against people with a mental health illness.  Ã‚   Being discriminated against can play a big part in an individuals life who may be experiencing mental health problems.   It is known that stigma associated with mental health issues can be very hurtful and damaging and can inhibit the individual from accessing support and treatment in order to lead a normal life. According to the Mental Health Foundation, 44% of people who experienced some form of mental health issues felt they had been discriminated by their G.Ps, and 35% said theyd been discriminated by health professionals.   However, it is suspected by some that the principal   reason for the health care professionals to behave in this manner is because they are considered inexperienced in the field of mental health issues. On the other hand, some individuals who have been labelled as suffering with mental health problems are of the opinion that mental health problems are fabricated and invented by professional people who make money from the belief that mental health issues are problematic.   One example which demonstrates how health care services are being prejudice is that sufferers of schizophrenia are prohibited from giving blood or giving away any of their vital organs as they are perceived as mentally incapacitated.   As previously referred to statistics show that at any given time one in every four adult and one in every five children live through a mental health problem.  Ã‚   It is estimated that approximately 450 million people worldwide have a mental health problem.   World Health Organisation (2001)   The total cost of mental health problems in England is currently more than  £77 billion a year which is double previous estimates (Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health 2003) Due to the labelling associated with mental health problems many of these people will not access help at an early stage and the illness will become worse.   It is widely known that people with a mental health illness are less likely to be in full time employment in comparison to other groups of disabled people.   In 2001, people with a mental health problem were almost three times more likely to be unemployed than all other disabled people (Smith and Twomey 2002)  Ã‚   Many of these people do not make an effort to obtain work   for a number of reasons or are discriminated by employers because of their illness.   It has been proved that not dealing with mental illness within the work place costs over     £9 billion a year   (Department of Health 2006).   In order to address this issue the government has published a mental health strategy with the main objective to help mental health sufferers gain and retain employment.  Ã‚   The strategy namely, Working Our Way to Better Mental Health: A Framework for Action Strategy (2009), is aimed at helping people safeguard their illness, and when a problem arises, get the help and treatment that they need.   The strategy also aims to reduce discrimination and to reduce the levels of labelling that is associated with the illness.   To realize improved practises in maintaining a good working relationship between the workplace and those suffering from mental health problems, the Government has advised employers that they need to follow the principles included in the strategy to shed light on the impact of mental health problems. The Secretary of State for Health,   Andy Burnham said:   Life-threatening conditions like cancer or heart disease prompt sympathy and understanding. But mental health is all too often shrouded in mystery, stigma or simply forgotten. To coincide with the launch of the above mentioned strategy the Department of Work and Pensions have also assigned a review led by Dr Rachel Perkins to offer help and guidance on how best to develop and improve the support for people with a mental health problem who are unemployed. By following the Governments and the Department of Healths guidance and support, it is expected that many businesses will see the potential benefits to their workplace such as reduced sickness levels, higher levels of customer service,  Ã‚   reduced staff turnover and lots more.   Many people who have been diagnosed with a mental illness could also face the probability of suddenly being unaccepted by friends and family; this is usually due to the fact that people are uncertain of the illness.   Being singled out by those they considered to be their friends or even a close family member makes the circumstances worse for the sufferer.   Individuals usually find it hard to make new friends which in turn can make them feel totally isolated and worthless.  Ã‚   It is often believed that the media is responsible for wrongly representing someone with mental health issues and that the tabloids very often   show bad outlook towards people with mental illness   by applying words such as psycho or mad or even a   nutter.   Using such words to portray a person suffering with mental illness is seen to be encouraging society to believe that they are all dangerous and unapproachable.   Inadequate and incorrect media coverage of mental health issues has increased over the last three years claims the Mind report published in 2008. In spite of this however not all interpretation of mental illness in the media is negative. Stephen Fry spoke openly about his mental health issues and was in the main represented positively in the media. My battle with mental illness (2006)  Ã‚   During research for his documentary The Secret Life of The Manic Depressive, Stephen Fry discovered that his illness (bi-polar) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the U. K.   He was also appalled to learn the degree of preconception there was in relation to mental illness:   I want to speak out, to fight the public stigma and to give a clearer picture of mental illness that most people know little about. He also stated that there was a need for a better awareness of mental health issues amongst the public in order for people to share their problems and break their silence: Once the understanding is there, we can all stand up and not be ashamed of ourselves, then it makes the rest of the population realise that we are just like them but with something extra. A research undertaken by the charity Mind revealed that 73% of those with mental health problems felt that, the way the media portray the illness is negative, unfair and totally unbalanced (Mind Report 2008).   Many of the stories that appear in the media all promote the idea that mental illness is wrong and something to be ashamed of.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the years the Government has made inroads to tackle discrimination against people who have mental health issues and have introduced policies in order to transform the way people view mental health problems. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 makes certain that discrimination does not take place in the workplace and other places because of mental health problems. The Mental Health Bill was also introduced by the Government in 2002 which introduced a statutory framework for the compulsory treatment and care for mental health sufferers and there are many groups and organizations attempting to highlight the plights of mental health sufferers and are focusing on reducing the stigma associated with mental health problems.  Ã‚   On reflection, it is understandable that many people who have mental health problems would not approve of the way sufferers are being perceived and labelled.   The term mental illness for some people can be associated with abnormal behaviour and as a result can prevent them from fitting into what would be considered a normal environment and take advantages of all the opportunities and benefits associated with it.   As revealed the media is considered to be a very influential means of educating people and that more attention should be given to reporting on more positive features of mental illness, namely how people have recovered and what in terms of medicine and treatment are available today to combat mental illness. This is turn could have a major influence on the public attitudes and beliefs.  Ã‚   Some people would also suggest that better training of mental health professionals would promote better health care and better understanding of issues surrounding mental illness.  Ã‚   This in turn would show the way to a more positive attitude amongst people in society as sufferers are able to take part in everyday life.   As many of the literature on mental health problems implies, there continues to be a long way to go in order to overcome many of the misconceptions, the prejudices and fears associated with mental health problems and the stigma involved.     So that harmful and negative attitudes to mental health problems are eradicated there is a need for the public to be much more aware of what it feels to live with such problems and that it takes courage and strength on the part of the sufferer.  Ã‚   The public also need to be aware that mental illness can be managed or even treated like many other diseases or conditions.   It is also important to highlight that the stereotyping of mental incapacity and hostility is greatly mistaken. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reflections for Creativity Essay

1. What reflections will you need to make before you can start brainstorming ideas? We will need to reflect on each team members personal skills. Evaluate the team’s needs and what the team wants to acheive. 2. Why is it important to acknowledge and learn about the backgrounds and skills of the team members within your group? Its important to know the skills of the people in the group to know what their strong points are and to delegate them to task to efficiently work together. 3. as team leader, give 5 examples of ground rules you would establish, after consulting with the other members of your team. 1) All team members should respect each other’s ideas. 2) Hold each person accountable and responsible. 3) Communication and information sharing procedures 4) Encourage creativity and the development of effective relationships between members of the team. 5) Accept that each member comes from diverse backgrounds, must treat each other with fairness and honesty. 4. Name 5 characteristics you believe you need to possess in order to be an effective team leader? 1) Must be fair and honest 2) Knowledge of how to encourage team members to produce effective results. 3) Provide resources, time and support for the team to form and develop. 4) Teach winning strategies and tactics for the team 5) run interference and remove barriers in order to let employees do their jobs. 5) It is important to utilize external stimuli, to effectively generate new ideas and solutions. Name 5 sources of external stimuli that you could access? 1) Legislation 2) Research data 3) Customer, supplier, shareholder and other stakeholder feedback 4) Best practice information  5) Political and socio-economic information that will impact on operations 6) Describe 3 methods of encouraging your team members to share their knowledge and experience. 1) Celebration of successful innovation 2) Employee recognition, such as employee of the month program 3) Rewards, could be monetary incentive 7) Why is debriefing an integral activity that should be exercised regularly? It is necessary to debrief regularly to ensure that team members are confident of their own abilities and those of other team members. This allows them to reflect individually and as a team on what they have achieved and what is needed to be improved. 8) Your team is generating ideas that you believe have been over used by other fundraising volunteers. List three constructive ways that you can push your team to generate more innovative ideas? 1) We can hold a drawing, and the person with the most innovative idea wins a large prize. 2) Suggest to the team to use external stimuli or other resources to come up with more innovative ideas. 3) Suggest to the team to network and attend seminars to build on more innovative ideas.

Awareness Of Their Learning Styles Is Important Education Essay

IntroductionBackground of the StudyIn English ‘learning procedure, pupils ‘ consciousness of their acquisition manners is iffiportant for several grounds. First is because there are differences in ways of pupils learn which is called as acquisition manners. Second is that larning manners is an of import factor in English larning due to the activation of pupils ‘ senses such as eyes ( seeing ) , ears ( hearing ) custodies ( touching ) and organic structure ( touching and traveling ) which one of them is more dominant in each person. Therefore, pupils ‘ consciousness of ain acquisition manners can besides assist them to understand their ain failings and strengths in larning procedure. In other words, they will cognize what sort of larning activities make understand lesson easier or vise versa. Third is because pupils ‘ consciousness of ain acquisition manners can assist them fit their acquisition manners with appropriate larning schemes in English acquisit ion in order to accomplish effectual acquisition. This matching is so really important for pupils because it can assist to make interesting and motivational acquisition procedure. Based on the above grounds, it can be said that pupils ‘ consciousness of their ain propensity manners is really of import as it can increase pupils ‘ larning accomplishment in English acquisition. 2 Teaching English to non English pupils can be hard due to pupils ‘ limited interaction to the English in their day-to-day life Therefore, to happen out most appropriate instruction and acquisition manners in English acquisition, instructors should hold the cognition of their pupils ‘ manners in acquisition. Teachers who know their pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manners can fit their instruction manners with pupils larning manners. This is really of import as it consequence greatly to the effectivity of the instruction and acquisition procedure. Students ‘ preferred acquisition manners can assist instructors to fix lesson program and make up one's mind acquisition activities and learning schemes based on consideration of assortment of their pupils ‘ acquisition manners in a peculiar schoolroom. Teachers ‘ consciousness of their pupils ‘ acquisition manners, hence, can be an effectual base in order to make effectual, actuating and interesting larning environment for pupils. In short, the above account shows the importance of carry oning a survey on pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manners in larning English. The survey is of import in order to acquire intended informations sing sort of acquisition manners preferred by pupils in their acquisition in English lessons.2. Problem StatementBased on the above accounts about larning manners, job statement of this survey is stated as follow: 3 What are twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi acquisition manners penchants in English acquisition?3. Method of the StudySing the research question/problem, this survey has been designed to be a descriptive qualitative 1. A study has been employed as the technique for roll uping the required informations. A set of questionnaire has been used with some SMPN pupils. An interview was besides done to some SMPN pupils. The instruments were aimed at obtaining informations about pupils ‘ larning hordeolums penchants in English acquisition.4. Purpose of the StudyThis survey chiefly aims at look intoing larning manners in English acquisition preferred by twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi. The acquisition manners are classified into the four sensory modes ( ocular, audile, haptic and kinaesthetic ) . This survey focuses on roll uping informations about pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manner in English lesson.5. Benefit of the StudyInformation about acquisition manners which p referred by twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi will be utile for instructors of SvWN 27 Bekasi to assist them to advance appropnate interesting, effectual and actuating learning environment which are antiphonal to stuGents neeas 4 because it is based on assortment of pupils ‘ acquisition manners prefererees in their categories. In pattern, instructors of twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi can make learning activities in their lesson programs based on infonnation about pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manners. Furthermore, twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi may besides profit from the consequence of this survey as they can happen out theit strengths and failings in larning so that they can happen two ways to larn best in any sort of larning state of affairss. Finally, it is hoped that by utilizing the information about acquisition manners penchants of pupils, both pupils and instructors can hold an effectual relationship in instruction and larning procedure as they can collaborate to accomplish effectual larning based on pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manners.Chapter IILITERATURE REVIEWLearning Styles in English Learning1.1. Learning MannersThe term â€Å" learning manner † was defined in many different ways. Kinsella ( 1995 ) described a learning manner as an person ‘s natural, accustomed, and preferable ways of absorbing, processing, and retaining new information and accomplishments which persist regardless of learning methods or content country ( p.171 ) . In another manner, Ellis ( 1985, cited in Vester, 2006 ) suggests a learning manner as the more or less consistent manner in which a individual perceives, conceptualizes, organizes and recalls information ( available: hypertext transfer protocol: //TEC.candem.rutge rs.edu JALT ) . In add-on, Jester and Miller ( 2000 ) stated that 1s larning manners are the manner they prefer to larn. It does non hold anything to make with how intelligent they are or what skills they have learned. It has to make with how the encephalon works most expeditiously to larn new information. ( available: http/www.metamath.com/isweb/dvclearn.htm ) . Then, larning manners, for the intent of this survey can be defined as a natural manner in which a individual preferred to larn best. It can be more consistent in grownups and less consistent in kids due to the consequence of some factors. Learning manners are ways of larning which include the procedure of absorbing and perceiving, 6 processing ( conceptualized assistance organized ) , and retaining or remember nw information and accomplishments. Learning manners are non affected by how intelligent the individual is, nevertheless, it is about how person ‘s encephalon can work dominantly and most efficaciously and expeditiously when larning new information or accomplishments. The original plants refering the engagement of senses which occur in larning procedure was developed by John Grindler and Richard Bandler in 1970 from the filed of Neurolinguistic Programming ( NLP ) . There are four rules of Neurolinguistic Programmming which are stated as follows ( O'Connor and McDermott 1996 ; Revell and Norman 1997 ) : 1. Results: the ends or terminals. NLP claims that cognizing exactly what you want helps you achieve it. This rule can be expressed as â€Å" cognize what you want. † 2. Rapport: a factor that is indispensable for effectual communication- maximizing similarities and minimising differences between people at a non witting degree. This rule can be expressed as â€Å" set up resonance with yourself and so with others. † 3. Sensoiy sharp-sightedness: noticing what another individual is pass oning, consciously and non-verbally. This can be expressed as â€Å" Use your senses. Look at, listen to and experience what is really go oning, † 4. Flexibility: making things otherwise if what you are making is non working: holding a scope of accomplishments to make something different. This can 7 be expressed as â€Å" Keep altering what you do until you get what you want. Types of acquisition manners used in this survey were drawn from rule 3. The look â€Å" Use your senses such as â€Å" expression at † was meant as ocular ( seeing ) , â€Å" listen to † was meant as auditory ( hearing ) and â€Å" experience † what is really go oning meant as tactile and kinaesthetic ( touch and move ) . † hi linguistic communication acquisition, the consciousness of the activation of senses has been developed by Dunn, Dunn and Prices ( 1975 ) . This theoretical account is categorized into four centripetal modes: ( 1 ) visual ( seeing ) , ( 2 ) auditory ( hearing ) , haptic ( touching or hands-on activities ) and ( 4 ) kinesthetic ( whole organic structure motions ) which classified under physiological stimulations in larning. Ocular scholars learn best though their eyes while audile scholars learn best when they hear them. Tactile scholars learn though their custodies and kinaesthetic scholars learn best through their organic structure motions ( custodies and organic structure ) .1.2. The Importance of Students ‘ Awareness of Their Preferred Learning StylesWhen larning English, pupils besides need to be cognizant of their preferable acquisition manners. Knowledge of larning manners preferred by their ain can assist them to larn English easier. Students who realize their preferab le acquisition manners will cognize their ain strengths and failings in 8 larning. Then, they ‘ will be able to larn efficaciously. Students who are cognizant of their acquisition manners will fell more comfy and motivated in larning through their preferable manners and may seek to other manners in order to get the better of their failings. They can seek other manners of larning in order to develop their acquisition manners. However, in order to be cognizant of their ain acquisition manner penchants, foremost their instructor should aware of his/her pupils larning manners penchants. Teacher demands to present the being of single acquisition manners penchants to his/her pupils. It is hoped, by making so, instructors can raise pupils ‘ consciousness of their ain acquisition manners penchants. Kang ( 2005 ) suggests that instructor should assist pupils detect their ain acquisition penchants and supply constructive thoughts about the advantages and disadvantages of assorted manners. Besides, instructors should esteem the acquisition manners penchan ts and encourages their development, while at the same clip making chances from experiment with different ways of acquisition. ( p.7 ) Fro the above accounts, it can be concluded that, pupils can be cognizant of their ain preferable acquisition manners through instructors ‘ consciousness of his/her pupils preferred acquisition manners1.3. Learning Styles-Based English LearningTo provide with pupils ‘ acquisition manners. teacher can fit acquisition activities with acquisition manners penchants features. For illustration, in reading accomplishment, visuat pupils who learn best from what they see can utilize 9 high visible radiation to assist them to read chief thought in each paragraph or they may utilize images as larning AIDSs in larning all linguistic communication accomplishments. Auditory scholars can larn linguistic communication accomplishments if there is much account and ( or ) unwritten direction from instructor. Tactile scholars can utilize method such as Entire Physical Response or they may utilize games on the board or pulling. Kinesthetic scholars need to travel out of schoolroom to larn speech production and composing accomplishment in English larning based on pupils ‘ mode strengths are aimed at easing effectual and interesting acquisition environment for pupils. In add-on, illustrations of English larning based on larning manners are as follows ( available: hypertext transfer protocol: //members.aoLcomlChineseLLC/style3.htm ) : I. In reading and authorship, ocular scholars may larn new vocabulary by rewriting them in notebook and divided them into subject countries, so they can see and read them. In reading, usage colourss to foreground the chief thoughts in text edition. To beef up listening accomplishment, when larning duologues and new vocabulary, seek to utilize both text book cassette tape at the same clip and so merely listen to the tape. 2. In listening and speech production, audile scholars may larn duologues and drills by declaiming them out loud or taping them and play them back. In tinkle and reading, instructors can play soft music to attach to them. 3. in listening and reading, tactile and kinaesthetic pupils can utilize whilelistening and reading activities. For illustration, instructors can inquire pupils to make full in a tabular array while listening to a talk, or to label a diagram while 10 reading In speech production, pupils can hold presentation so that at the same clip they can talk and used their custodies. In composing, they can rewrite the paragraph. The suggestions of larning styles-based English acquisition above are designed to fit with each centripetal perceptual experience. The purposes of them are to make effectual linguistic communication acquisition.2. Features of Junior High School Students.In general, junior high school pupils are adolescents which aged between 12-15 old ages pld. When they were at simple degree, they have ability to prosecute in many activities which required organic structure activation ( games, drama, dance, ete ) . Beyond simple degrees, nevertheless, they have more abilities which developed due to their age. In acquisition, these pupils have characteristic such as they begin to hold the ability to listen to instructors and go more comprehend to instructors ‘ direction and account. Price ( 1980, cited in Kinsella,1995 ) suggest that seemingly, the ability to retrieve three-fourthss of what pupils ‘ hear in a 50- minute period does non develop among many immature scholars before the 6th class, and among under winners non until high school and sometimes non at all ( p.173 ) . Therefore, in general. pupils at secondary degrees have the ability to remember what they hear. This is the ability that they do non hold at simple degrees. .1 aˆ?1T 11 Based on Bruner ‘s theories of acquisition, stated from age 8 old ages old, kids have some abilities. On Bruner ‘s phases, pupils above 8 twelvemonth old have the ability to understand and to utilize symbols to stand for people, topographic points, and things ( hypertext transfer protocol: //tiger.towson.edu/jclingl/Learningtheor.htm ) . At junior high school, these abilities are still eist. They can be seen in signifier of ocular ability. In decision, junior high school pupils have abilities which they have had since they were at the simple degrees. In add-on, they besides have some other abilities i.e. the ability to remember and grok what they hear. All abilities above are integrated at the degree of junior high school.3. Learning Styles and Junior High School StudentsIn general, Junior high pupils have develop all four centripetal modes at the clip they start rate 7. The four modes develop in sequence. When they were at first degree of simple school, they largely learn best through tactile and kinaesthetic acquisition manners. At the 2nd class, they start to develop ocular acquisition manners. Finally at the 6th class of simple school, most pupils have developed the ability to grok lessons through their hearing ( auditory ) . Price ( 1980, cited in Kinsella,1995 ) stated that mode sfrenh evolve and by and large go more incorporate th age. Children are basically more haptic and kinaesthetic in the primary classs but with clip their penchants evolve 12 from psychomotor ( larning through touching and experimenting ) to ocular at about 2nd class and eventually auditory at the terminal of simple school. Apparently, the ability to retrieve three-fourthss of what pupils ‘ hear in a 50-minute period does non develop among many immature scholars before the 6 class, and among under winners non until high school and sometimes non at all ( p.173 ) . In decision, kinaesthetic, haptic, ocular and audile acquisition manners have developed wholly at junior high school. Although, for some underperformers, audile learning manner does non develop at junior high school degrees. For them, the ability to larn through their hearing seems to be extended or may non be developed even until they finish high school.Chapter ffiMethodologyThis survey focuses on pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manners in English acquisition. it aims at happening replies to the undermentioned research inquiries: What are twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi preferred larning manners in English acquisition? To happen reply to the inquiries, this descriptive qualitative survey employed a study as the technique of informations aggregation.1. Population and SamplePopulation of this survey covers all twelvemonth 2 pupils of SMPN 27 Bekasi. 92 twelvemonth 2 pupils from two categories ( VlI1-l and VTIU-2 ) in SMP ( c 27 Bekasi were involved as samples of this survey. 2. Time and Topographic point of The Study The research was conducted on 24 November 2006 until 15 December 2006 at SMPN 27 Bekasi.3. Data Collection1. Instruments1- ,‘314 For informations aggregation intents, a set of questionnaire has been developed with mention to Learning Style Analysis, Junior Version taken from website hypertext transfer protocol: //www.creativelearning.com. In add-on, interviews were besides done to six pupils from category VIII1 and Vffl-2. The questionnaire has two parts. Part I, consists of three inquiries aims at arousing information on respondents ‘ background i.e ; . ( 1 ) name ( 2 ) age and ( 3 ) degree of instruction and name of category. Part II consists of 20 inquiries about larning manners in four linguistic communication accomplishment. Questions figure I to 5 represented ocular acquisition manner, figure 6 to 10 are for audile learning manner while figure 11 to 15 are for haptic learning manner and the last five inquiries are for kinaesthetic acquisition manner. The questionnaire has been designed in Indonesian to avoid respondents ‘ misconstruing inquiries related to concept which is possible due to the limited exposures to English in their mundane acquisition. It is expected that this scheme will increase the dependability of the obtained responses. The 90 two transcripts of questionnaires which were distributed to respondents through their instructor were all returned to the research worker. Based on the consequence, some interesting and utile informations can be observed. 15 Interview to stiidents were besides done in order to happen out pupils ‘ acquisition manners penchants in four linguistic communication accomplishments in English acquisition. They were asked 20 inquiries which were same as the inquiries on the quesiioniaire. Based on the interview, some interesting findings were besides can be observed.3. Datas AnalysisSimple frequence analysis has been employed to treat informations. Obtained information was tabulated and per centum value of each class was calculated. The consequences were so analyzed and interpreted with regard to the research inquiries. The following are Numberss of specific stairss of the analysis: 1. Distributing questionnaires to pupils. 2. Interviewing the pupils. 3. Tabling Numberss of responses from questionnaire and interview. Then, ciphering them in per centum value. 4. Showing the per centum values in signifier of tabular arraies. 5. Synchronized the consequence of each per centum value. 6. Describing pupils ‘ acquisition manners penchants qualitatively.